Japan is famous for being a safe country. Theft and other uncivilized acts are less frequent than in Western countries.
This kind of posters can however be found in different places in town. Here, it’s near a crossroad near the Tokyo Midtown center in Roppongi. It’s written “Beware of thieves” (dorobô ni chûi ドロボーに注意). There are also posters to warn against perverts (chikan 痴漢), a recurrent problem in Japan, expecially in public transport.
The question is, why is it necessary to warn people in the street this way.